![]() In her 1429 Letter to the English, peasant-girl-turned-military-commander Jeanne d’Arc (Joan of Arc) demanded, “Surrender to the Maid, who is sent from God, the King of Heaven, the keys to all the good cities that you have taken and violated in France.” Inspired by Jeanne d’Arc’s execution in 1431, the various kingdoms of the French region would unite by the end of the 15th century. Jean II had five children, the eldest son - the dauphin - would succeed him as King Charles V.ĭecades later, a young girl from a small French village claimed witness to divine visions that Charles VII, heir of Charles VI, was the rightful king of France. King Jean (John) II - the second king of the Valois dynasty - attempted several truces to no avail in 1356, he was captured and held for ransom by the English. Ongoing disputes between the kingdoms of France and England culminated in the official start of the Hundred Years’ War in 1337. Following the collapse of the Roman Empire in 476 AD, the region was divided into an assortment of kingdoms. By the 3rd century BCE, the area was occupied by the Gallic tribe of the Parisii, until their defeat by the Romans. Paris was settled in the geographic region referred to as the Paris Basin, which provided conditions suitable for farming. ![]()
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